Yenisseian etymology : Query result

Proto-Yenisseian: *pVt-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to press; narrow

Ket: hátam "it is too narrow", háta, hátap 'to press'

Yug: fatɛʔ "it is too narrow", fátiĺejɛsaŋ 'in order to press'

Kottish: ha-pit "to press", hača-pitaŋ "I press", imper. hi-pit; tha-pit 'to milk'

Comments: Werner 1, 302, 305, 306 (w.r.).

Proto-Yenisseian: *qa-

Meaning: a modal stem

Ket: qāń 'let' (particle)

Yug: xan 'let'; xala⁵ 'really?'

Comments: ССЕ 255. Werner 2, 81 *qa-.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qa- ( ~ *χ-)

Meaning: that

Ket: qā-ŕ, dial. qā-de, qā-ŕe (W. 2, 80)

Comments: See *ka- / *kǝ-.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qad-

Meaning: even

Ket: qáŕemś, MKet. qádem; qáŕem baʔŋ 'steppe, even land'

Yug: xádɨm

Kottish: karaŋ 'steppe'; Kam. (Castr.) karad id.

Comments: Werner 1, 411, 2, 71-72.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qad- (~χ-,-ʒ-)

Meaning: wool

Ket: qāŕe¹ (Kur.), Bak., Sur. qādǝ¹, South. qāŕ

Yug: xāt

Comments: ССЕ 255. Werner 2, 82 *qadǝ.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qakal ( ~ -g-, -q-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bone

Kottish: qagal, xagal, xakal

Comments: Werner 2, 60 (w.r.).

Proto-Yenisseian: *qaĺVŋ (~χ-)

Meaning: gull

Ket: qaĺǝŋ⁵, pl. qaĺeń⁶

Yug: xaĺiŋ⁵, pl,. -ɨn⁵

Comments: ССЕ 255. Werner 2, 65.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qan ( ~ χ-)

Meaning: to become; begin

Ket: á-v-ʁan 'es wird'; qan 'begin'

Yug: a:^hban 'es wird'; -χan 'begin'

Comments: Werner 1, 82-83, 2, 66 (w.r.)

Proto-Yenisseian: *qapa

Meaning: after

Ket: qa:³ / qap

Yug: χáfa

Comments: Werner 2, 79 (w.r.).

Proto-Yenisseian: *qaq (~χ-)

Meaning: a k. of fish (елец)

Ket: qāq

Yug: xax

Comments: ССЕ 256. Werner 2, 82 *qaq. See also notes to *xes.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qaq- (~χ-)

Meaning: mad

Ket: qaqbɛt

Comments: Werner 2, 70 (without reconstruction).

Proto-Yenisseian: *qar(₁)- (~χ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: grandchild

Ket: qal⁴ // qalɔq⁵(South.), North. qalǝq⁵; pl. qalɨn⁵

Yug: хarɔх⁵, pl. хarɔхn⁵

Comments: ССЕ 256. Werner 2, 64 <*qaʎoq>. Ar. biḱal 'son', biḱaĺa 'daughter', Pump. pikola id. should be rather derived from PY *ʒVl 'child' (although a contamination due to phonetic convergence in Arin and Pumpokol was possible).

Proto-Yenisseian: *qar_1-Vǯ (~-ŕ-)

Meaning: to touch

Ket: t-qáldit (South.) 'he touches me'

Yug: xarɨt́ 5,6

Comments: Werner 2, 387 <*qaʎ->.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qatVn

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: trap (for a squirrel)

Kottish: χatn, qatn, pl. χatnaŋ

Comments: ССЕ 256.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qaǯi- (~χ-)

Meaning: after(ward)

Ket: qariɣǝ⁵ (Bak., Sur. qadiɣǝ⁵)

Yug: xāt́kej¹

Comments: ССЕ 256. Pump. (Срсл.) xačgej 'after' is most likely a Yug form. Werner 1, 72 <*qat'i- / *qad'i->.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qä-

Meaning: five

Ket: qāk (attr.); pred. inanim. qaɣǝn⁶, anim. qa:ŋ³

Yug: xak (attr.); pred. inanim. xajɛ⁶, anim. xajeŋ⁵

Kottish: xēgä, khēgä, (Бол.) kejče; Ass. géjǵaŋ (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл., Ф.), kega (Кл.); Kam. (Стр.) qagä; Koib. (Мес) qagä

Arin: qaga (Ф.), qala (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) id., xala (Стр.), kala (Лоск.); -kala in qoa-kala (М.) "fifteen"

Pumpokol: xej-laŋ (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "five"

Comments: ССЕ 256. One can reconstruct the stems *qä-ka and attrib. *qäjV- (see КС 161). Werner 2, 80, 81 (without reconstruction and with a rather strange idea that the numeral "five" goes back to the word for "thumb" - see under *χVʔ-gVĺ; even if we reconstruct *qVʔĺ 'thumb' (which I think is incorrect) the forms without -l- like Ket qaɣǝn, Yug xajɛ etc. cannot be explained by deriving them from 'thumb').

Proto-Yenisseian: *qäʔG

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: word

Ket: qaʔ, pl. qa:n

Yug: xā, pl. xa:n

Kottish: xēg, khēg, pl. xēgan

Comments: ССЕ 256. Werner 2, 78.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qäʔj

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mountain (wooded)

Ket: qaʔj, pl. qaŋńeŋ⁵

Yug: xaʔj, pl. xaŋńeŋ⁵; xaj-tɨl^5,6 'small hill'

Kottish: xei, khei, pl. xējaŋ "Axtrücken, Messerrücken"; xēlēx, khēlēg, pl. xēlētn "Bergrücken" ( = Koib. (Мес.) gijlin 'mountain')

Arin: ena-háj (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "forest" [pine-forest?]

Pumpokol: kónnoŋ (Сл., Срсл.) "mountain"

Comments: ССЕ 256-257. For Yug Castren also gives (together with xai, qai ( = xaʔj) 'косогор') xei, qei 'mountain ridge': it is most likely a Kottish form misplaced. Similarly, in the "Сравнительный Словарь" we find an obviously Yug form xaj, together with the Pumpokol proper kónnoŋ 'mountain' (originally a plural form, cf. Ket qaŋńeŋ). Pump. kónnoŋ (despite Helimski КС 249) should be distinguished from Kott. hanaŋ 'shore', which - as rightly pointed out by the author - is a Uralism (Selk. qanɨŋ, Khant. χonǝŋ 'shore'). Werner 2, 78-79.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qä(ʔ)p (~-b)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: boat (made of birch bark)

Ket: qaʔp, pl. qa:ŋ³ (Werner 2, 79)

Yug: xaʔp / xap

Kottish: xep, *xēp, khep, pl. xapaŋ; Ass. (М.) xajp

Comments: ССЕ 257. Werner 2, 79 <*qap^h>.

Proto-Yenisseian: *qäm

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: arrow

Ket: qām, pl. qamǝŋ⁵ (кур. qamen⁵)

Yug: xam, pl. xamɨn⁵

Kottish: xem, *khem, pl. xamaŋ "стрела" (hata-gē̆m "ружье")

Comments: ССЕ 257. Werner 2, 81 <*qam>.